queries

criteria on the same row are joined by AND; separate rows are OR — this is the single rule that makes or breaks every multi-condition Access query, and the one this particular question is built to test directly. The question needs Female AND (FinTech OR EdTech) AND after 2021: a condition with an AND/OR mix like this can't be expressed with only one row, since a single row only ever produces an AND of everything on it. If you split FinTech and EdTech over two rows you must repeat the other two criteria on both rows, otherwise the OR row would accept non-female or older start-ups — leaving gender or year blank on the second row doesn't mean "same as the row above," it means "no restriction at all" for that row, silently widening the results. "After 2021" is >2021, not >=, because "after" a year explicitly excludes that year itself — >=2021 would wrongly include start-ups founded in exactly 2021. Marks: gender criterion, sector OR, year criterion, sort, save — five separately checkable pieces of one query.

grouping by Township gives one row per township, and Sum adds the grants in each group — the Totals row turns the query from a plain list of individual records into an aggregated summary, where Group By collapses every matching record into one output row and any Sum/Count/Avg column recalculates within that collapsed group rather than across the whole table. Remove other fields that would break the grouping into smaller pieces: an extra field left in the query (say, StartupName) would force Access to group by the combination of Township and that extra field, producing one row per unique pair instead of the single row per township the question actually asks for.

marks for the field name Eligible followed by a colon, IIf, the test [PitchScore]>=75, "Yes" for true and blank "" for false — each syntax element is independently checkable, the same way an Excel formula's pieces are marked individually. IIf is Access's IF with three parts (test, true result, false result): the exact query-grid equivalent of Excel's IF(test, value_if_true, value_if_false), just under a different name because Access reserves the bare word "If" as a programming keyword elsewhere in the application. Do not write "No" or "False" because the question asks for blank — an empty string "" and the word "No" are different values entirely; a check comparing the field's contents for genuinely blank would fail against either literal word.